While journalists have faced harassment for covering all sorts of issues, in the six countries analysed in this study, journalists said that online harassment tends to be connected with the coverage of certain particularly sensitive and divisive topics. These topics differ from country to country but share some commonalities. Coverage of refugees and migration, for example, has been a trigger for sustained harassment in Finland, Germany, Poland and the UK over the past four to five years. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been a particularly contested issue in Finland and Poland. Recently in Spain, discussion around the Catalan independence movement has generated attacks on journalists from across the country. Coverage of abortion tends to ignite attacks in Poland; the same can be said of coverage of far-right movements in Germany and Finland. Stories perceived as being supportive of LGBTQ+ rights, or of the “feminist agenda”, appear to trigger a backlash in the online spheres of all countries studied, especially in Spain following demonstrations in support of gender equality in main cities coinciding with International Women’s Day on March 8, 2018.
- Actors involved
- Editor
- Head of Audience
- Journalist
- Management
- Online Safety Expert
- Audience moderation
- Audience moderation on social media platforms
- Onsite comments: Moderation tools
- Onsite comments: Moderation with limited resources
- Onsite comments: Rules of user engagement
- The importance of user exchange and the need to moderate comments
- Useful software
- Newsroom structures and support mechanisms
- Communications
- Formal support mechanisms
- Peer support mechanisms
- Reporting systems
- Risk assessment
- Training